The Trial and Execution of Charles I

A painting commemorating the execution of King Charles I outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall palace, by an unknown artist, probably 1649. The medallion at the top left shows the monarch; that on the right, his executioner bearing the features of Lord Fairfax. Below left, the King is led to his execution, and on the right people rush to dip their handkerchiefs in the blood of the 'martyred' King.

Following the Second Civil War (1647-9) it was clear that Charles was going to continue playing his enemies off against each other, while making promises he had no intention of keeping. Attempts to negotiate were becoming more desperate, with Cromwell failing as others had failed before him. Following a last ditch effort, Cromwell returned to London to discuss the legalities of a trial. In his frustration he declared, 'I tell you, we will cut off his head with the crown upon it'.

The trial was to be a farce, with only 87 of the 135 nominated judges willing to serve. The republicans Vane and Sydney were absent, as was the Commander-in-Chief Fairfax. Only 59 signed the death warrant. Charles' performance was impressive, concentrating on the asurdity of the court to try him for treason. Consequently, he refused to plead as it would acknowledge the court's legality. The result was a foregone conclusion and Charles was executed on 30 January 1649. It is said that Cromwell, in disguise, visited the corpse later that night and was heard to whisper 'Cruel necessity!' But was it? Why was the King executed?

The Debate

The class was divided into two groups. The Prosecution had to convince everyone present that there was no alternative but to execute the king, while the Defence team had to argue that he should live. Each team were given 5 minutes to state their case, which was followed by open debate. Other members of the class were allowed to direct questions at either team. Following the summaries a secret ballot was taken.

In reality, it did not happen this way. At the real trial it was inevitable that Charles would be found guilty. However, the King fared no better here - Guilty, by a majority decision!